Anaerobic respiration - A special form of respiration that occurs in the absence of air or free oxygen.

Annuals - Plants that germinate from seed, grow, mature, and set seed in a single season then die.

Biennials - Plants that require two growing seasons to germinate, mature, and set seed, then die.

Bulk density - The mass of dry soil per unit of bulk volume including the air space after drying. Generally, the higher the bulk density, the greater the level of compaction.

Cambium - The layer of growing cells under the bark of woody plants.

Chloroplasts - Structures within plant cells that contain the pigment chlorophyll.

Chlorosis - Plant symptom of yellowed leaves caused by nutrient deficiency or other plant malady.

Dormant - The period during which a plant makes no active growth. Dormancy is a protection mechanism influenced by such factors as water availability, light duration, and temperature.

Evaporation -The change of liquid water to vapor.

Evapotranspiration -The combined loss of water from the soil through evaporation and plant leaves through transpiration.

Flocculating -The act of clumping together individual soil particles. Soil amendments that cause flocculation generally improve soil structure.

Hydrophytes - plants adapted to survive in very wet or inundated soil conditions.

Macroclimate - The general climate conditions that extend over a large area (i.e., several thousand square miles).

Macropores - Large pore spaces between clumps of soil particles filled either by air or water.

Mesophytes< - Plants adapted to survive in soils that are neither excessively dry nor excessively wet.

Microclimate - The area immediately surrounding the individual plant or planting.

Parasites - An organism that derives its energy by living in or on another organism usually to the host organism's detriment.

Pathogens - A specific cause of disease.

Perennials - Plants that survive more than two years.

Photosynthesis - The process by which green plants use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates.

Phytotoxic - Compounds toxic to plant tissue.

Pith - Spongy plant tissue that functions chiefly as storage.

Plumeria Grower - A person addicted to growing Plumeria.

Predators - An organism which preys on other organisms.

Protoplasm - The contents of plant cells including the nucleus. Most all chemically functioning parts of the plant cell occur in the protoplasm.

Stomata - Minute openings on the undersurface of leaves through which the exchange of gases and moisture takes place.

Transpiration - A process by which water is given off by plant leaves through stomata.

Xerophytes - Plants adapted to survive in soils that are excessively dry.

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